On January 17, 1934, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to divide the Ural region into three: Sverdlovsk, Ob-Irtysh and Chelyabinsk – with the center in the city of Chelyabinsk. For the period of formation of regional structures and the formation of Chelyabinsk as a regional center, an organizing committee of the Councils of the Chelyabinsk region was created, headed by the chairman M.A. Sovetnikov .
First decrees
Good organization, prompt communication with Moscow, and provision of motor transport with the help of the RSFSR government allowed the organizing committee to resolve all issues clearly and promptly. A permanent representative office of the Chelyabinsk region was opened in Moscow, whose activities facilitated the solution of many pressing problems in the central government and economic organizations of Moscow.
Throughout 1934, the organizing committee of the Soviets worked hard on the formation of governing bodies: about 20 regional departments, committees, and trusts were to be created, which urgently needed to be provided with premises and their employees with housing. The first resolution of the organizing committee, adopted on January 20, 1934, was called “On the location of regional organizations in the city of Chelyabinsk” The plan provided for the relocation and densification of not only institutions and organizations, but also the inhabitants of residential buildings. Some institutions were transferred outside of Chelyabinsk, and the move should not have a negative impact on their work. All “new residents” should have received work and living quarters no worse than they had before moving on February 1-2.
Movement and compaction
At the same time, regional organizations were urgently housed in the vacated buildings. Many of them, moving from Sverdlovsk to Chelyabinsk, practically did not interrupt their work. The regional apparatus itself was also formed from employees of Sverdlovsk organizations and local workers. For example, the first leaders of the Chelyabinsk region had extensive experience of Soviet, party and economic work, including in the Ural region: M.A. Advisors held responsible positions in the Ural Regional Executive Committee, and K.V. Ryndin headed the Nizhne Tagil district committee of the CPSU (b).
To manage the deployment of regional organizations, an operational “troika” was created, headed by the chairman of the Chelyabinsk City Council Reutov .
Self-organization
From the very first days, the organizing committee had to quickly resolve many organizational issues. We started with our work schedule. A number of resolutions were adopted that streamlined the activities of the organizing committee. On February 24, the staff and estimates of the regional executive committee and its departments were approved, and since March 1934, one after another, regional departments and organizations were created: health care, public education, regional land administration (in the amount of 290 people). Other regional committees were also formed.
In the very first months of its work, the new regional leadership became convinced that residents sometimes lacked the most basic necessities. The scattered promartels clearly could not cope with supplying the population with consumer goods, building materials, and food. There was an urgent need for a qualitative change in the work of the industrial cooperation system, so on March 7, 1934, the organizing committee adopted a resolution on the organization of specialized industry unions: construction materials, leather, food, forestry, metal industries, etc. Soon these measures gave the first results – store shelves began to be filled with items from the first necessary.
Under the jurisdiction of the Chelyabinsk Regional Trust “Chelyabmedsnabprom“The pharmaceutical plant, all pharmacies, kiosks that previously belonged to “Uralmedsnabprom” By the end of 1934, medical supplies and drug services to the population had improved significantly: pharmacies in the region issued five million prescriptions for medicines, the Chelyabinsk pharmaceutical plant distributed about 20 thousand collective farm and 30 thousand individual first aid kits; three medical colleges and medical courses began to train their medical personnel, construction of 12 hospitals began, including a regional one.
Conversion program
One of the first activities of the organizing committee was the development of a long-term program for the transformation of the regional center. Chelyabinsk, which at the beginning of the first five-year plan barely had 70 thousand inhabitants, by 1934 had turned into a large industrial city with a population of over 250 thousand people, increased its housing stock by 2.5 times, but there was still a shortage of housing. Now the regional center, like other cities in the region, was facing a grandiose construction of housing and social and cultural facilities.
On February 28, by a special resolution, the organizing committee created the Chelyabinsk Regional Construction Trust instead of the Gorstroy construction office, after which numerous decisions were made on the allocation of plots for future construction in the city center.
Until 1934, housing construction in cities, including Chelyabinsk, developed mainly on the outskirts, while some houses were poorly finished both inside and outside. The Organizing Committee of the Soviets waged a decisive struggle against poor quality construction and architectural simplification. A course was set to build beautiful, comfortable houses. On October 10, 1934, “in order to streamline and expand the design of all types of civil structures, as well as the development of planning projects for cities and towns and their architectural design,” the architectural and construction design office “Chelyabproekt” with its charter and authorized capital of 26.5 thousand rubles. It was at this time that a hotel building was built in the regional center on the street. Vorovsky and construction began on the main post office building, a seven-story building No. 36 on the street. Zwilling with a central grocery store on the ground floor, construction of a NKVD town, a residential quarter (KBS) in the Leninsky district. At the same time, reconstruction of the regional party committee building was underway; The design of the regional public library building began. All these objects in their design, improvement and quality significantly exceeded the construction of previous years.
Elena Turova
Tags: organizing committee regional executive committee Chelyabinsk
-
